Alexandria Archaeology Bibliography

This is a topical index of the bibliography of written material on archaeology in Alexandria, Virginia. The bibliography includes site reports as well as books, journal articles and in-house publications. Many of the references are included in full on our website, as links or PDFs.

Page updated on Mar 7, 2020 at 4:06 PM

Alexandria Archaeology Bibliography

If you know of additional titles, please  contact us so that they may be added to the bibliography. In an attempt to bring the so-called “gray literature” to light, many of the archaeological reports listed below are available for download as PDFs.

Notes for Researchers:

  • We remind researchers of their browser’s search function to find specific reports. We suggest searching for site/project names like, for example, “Bruin Slave Jail” and “Christ Church,” historic identifiers such as “American Indian” and “Civil War,” and street names.
  • Titles without attached PDFs may be read, by appointment, at the Museum. Alexandria Archaeology Publications, a series of booklets and manuscripts published by the Museum, and photocopies of archaeological reports may be ordered for a fee by  contacting the Museum.
  • Researchers should take into consideration that the breadth of this bibliography led to the inclusion of a number of outdated entries that do not reflect contemporary scholarship. Also, for those reports involving prehistory, it should be noted that the date ranges for the three traditional American Indian cultural periods (Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Woodland) vary in the reports. Archaeologists continue to develop a regional framework as new finds are made and thus further refine the date ranges. Alexandria Archaeology employs the following timeline: Paleo-Indian circa 11,000 - 7,500 BC, Archaic circa 7,500 - 1,000 BC, and Woodland circa 1,000 BC - 1600 AD.

Author Index

Topical Listing

This is a topical listing of reports on archaeology in Alexandria, Virginia. Below each topic is a list of associated sites/projects. If a Virginia site registration number exists for a project, then it, too, is listed. Simply click on a report to go to its precise entry on the Alexandria Archaeology Bibliography. The bibliography also includes some historical and architectural studies, books and journal articles. 

African American Commercial/Industrial Transportation 
American Indian Mill Urban Life 
Brewery Miscellaneous Waterfront 
Cemetery Old Town West End 
Church/Seminary Rural Life West End Village, Historic 
Civil War Tavern World War II 

African American

  • Alfred Street Baptist Church/”The Bottoms” Neighborhood, 44AX161:  Walker 1992 
  • Bruin Slave Jail, 44AX172:  Kraus 2010 
  • Bush Hill, 44AX111:  Gardner 1999 and  Gardner 2002  

  • Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery, AX179:  Sipe 2014 and Appendices. (Contact Alexandria Archaeology Museum to view report.)

  • “The Fort” Neighborhood/Fort Ward Historical Park, Old Grave Yard, 44AX90 and 153:  Lowry 2009 
  • Fort Ward Historical Park, 2010-2011 Archaeological Investigations:  Bodor 2011 
  • Franklin and Armfield Slave Pen/Alexandria Hospital, 44AX75:  Artemel 1987 
  • Harriet Williams, 112-114 S. St. Asaph Street, 44AX1:   Iacobelli 2006
  • “The Hump” Neighborhood/James Bland Homes/Parker-Gray Historic District, 44AX211 and 212:  Sipe 2010 Archaeological Evaluation;  Sipe 2010 Documentary Study 
  • L’Ouverture Hospital/Shiloh Baptist Church: Traum 2007 
  • Mark Center, slave or tenant house, 44AX162: Adams 1994
  • 1333 Powhatan Street: Dutton and Friedberg 2014
  • Silver Leaf (Colored) Black Baptist Cemetery/African American Heritage Park/Carlyle Project, 44AX136:  Anderson 1992 

American Indian

  • Alexandria Federal Courthouse, 44AX164: Pappas 1991 and Walker 1993 
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1993 investigation):  Petraglia 1993  
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (2004 investigation): Parson 2004  
  • Bryan Property/King’s Cloister: Ziegler 1998 
  • Mark Center/Winkler Botanical Preserve, 44AX162 and 163:  Adams 1994 
  • Mark Center/Winkler Tract, 44AX124: Pfanstiehl 1988 
  • Mark Center VI (Area A), Buildings 2A, 2B, and 3 (Area B), 44AX205:  Ferland 2009  
  • Mount Ida/North Ridge Neighborhood/Colonial Park, First Addition, 44AX168:  Koski-Karrell 1993 
  • Stonegate Parcels A, B, and D, 44AX31, 166, and 167:  Adams 1993  
  • Stonegate Parcels A, B, and D (storm drain investigation):  Adams 1993  
  • Stonegate Parcel C (1996 investigation):  Adams 1996 
  • Stonegate Parcel C, 44AX177 (1995 Phase II investigation):  Gardner 1995 
  • Stonegate Parcel C, 44AX176 and 177 (1995 Phase III investigation):  Gardner 1995  

Brewery

Cemetery

  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1989 preliminary investigation):  Pfanstiehl and Otter 1989   
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center Areas A and X/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1989 Phase II investigation): Pfanstiehl and Heston 1989 
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1993 investigation):  Petraglia 1993  
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (2004 investigation):  Parson 2004 
  • Christ Church, 44AX88:  John Milner 1979 
  • Christ Church Churchyard Wall, 44AX88:  John Milner 1978  
  • Christ Church Churchyard Wall Reconstruction, 44AX88:  Clem 2002 and  Gardner 2000 and Ward 2000 
  • Christ Church Wheelchair Ramp Construction, 44AX88:  LeeDecker 2008  
  • Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery, AX179:  Sipe 2014 and Appendices. (Contact Alexandria Archaeology Museum to view report.)
  • “The Fort” Neighborhood/Fort Ward Historical Park, Old Grave Yard, 44AX90 and 153:   Lowry 2009 
  • Fort Ward Historical Park, 2010-2011 Archaeological Investigations:   Bodor 2011 
  • Potomac Yard/Potomac Yard Center:  Adams 1996 
  • Silver Leaf (Colored) Black Baptist Cemetery/African American Heritage Park/Carlyle Project, 44AX136:  Anderson 1992 
  • St. Mary's and Freedmen's Cemeteries, monitoring: Koziarski 2017
  • West Family Cemetery, 44AX183: Williams 2004  

Church/Seminary

Civil War

Commercial/Industrial

Hospital 

Mill 

  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1989 preliminary investigation):  Pfanstiehl and Otter 1989   
  • Cameron Mills, Cameron Farm, 44AX112 and 182:  Williams 2005
  • Phoenix Mill, Wheeler Road:  Williams 2017

Miscellaneous

Old Town 

Rural Life 

Tavern

  • Alexandria Federal Courthouse, 44AX164: Pappas 1991 and Walker 1993 
  • Gadsby’s Tavern, 44AX2:  Foss 1974 
  • Shuter’s Hill Brewery/Klein’s Brewery/Englehardt’s Brewery/Carlyle Project Area II-B, 44AX35:   Walker 1996    

Transportation 

  • Alexandria Union Station:  Cox 1995 
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1989 preliminary investigation):  Pfanstiehl and Otter 1989   
  • Bloxham Cemetery/Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project/Alexandria Business Center Areas A and X/Witter Street Recreation Complex, 44AX127 and 128 (1989 Phase II investigation): Pfanstiehl and Heston 1989 
  • Bontz Site/West End Village, United States Military Railroad Complex, 44AX103 and 105 (1989 Phase II investigation):  Cromwell 1989  
  • Bontz Site/West End Village, Spring Garden Farms/United States Military Railroad Complex, 44AX103 and 105 (1989 Phase III investigation):  Cromwell and Hills 1989  
  • Bush Hill, 44AX111:   Gardner 1999 and  Gardner 2002  
  • Eisenhower Avenue Earthwork Site/Van Dorn Street Metro Station, 44AX54:  Louis Berger 1984 
  • Fannon Petroleum Fuel Company (2007 investigation):  Bryant 2007 
  • Historic Photographic Documentation of the Southern R&R [sic] Roundhouse:  Brown 1994 
  • Keith’s Wharf/Battery Cove/Ford’s Landing/”Old Ford Plant,” 44AX119:  Artemel 1988 and  Cheek 1986 and   Engineering-Science 1993 
  • Potomac Yard:  Walker 1989 
  • Potomac Yard/Potomac Yard Center:  Adams 1996   
  • Potomac Yard/Townes at Slater’s Village:  Cheek 1996 
  • Roberdeau’s Wharf/Harborside, 44AX114:  Knepper 1989  
  • Spring Garden/Old Town Village (1999 investigation):  Gardner 1999 
  • Spring Garden/Southern Plaza/Old Town Village (1988 investigation): Seifert 1988 
  • United States Patent and Trademark Office/Carlyle Project Block F, 44AX189:  Williams 2002 
  • Van Dorn Street Metro Station, 44AX178:  Gardner 1996 

Urban Life

Waterfront 

Other Online Resources:

West End 

West End Village, Historic 

World War II 

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