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  • Live

    Make the most of Alexandria's outstanding quality of life with information and services of interest to residents.

    • Be Prepared

      Are you ready? Find resources and information to help residents, businesses and visitors to prepare for all types of emergencies, and to stay safe.

      • Flooding Preparedness
      • Snow and Ice Control
      • Hurricane Preparedness
      • Emergency Preparedness
      • Public Health Emergency
    • Community Life

      Learn more about pets and animals, schools and libraries, parks and farmers' markets, community gardens, and more.

      • Community Gardens
      • Farmers' Markets
      • Parks
      • Pets
      • Recreation
    • Get Involved

      There are many opportunities to get involved to help better the City of Alexandria. Opportunities include serving on a Board, Commission or Committee, providing input on a new City project or speaking at a City Council meeting.

      • Boards and Commissions
      • Civic Engagement Policy
      • City Academies
      • Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)
      • Speak at a Meeting
      • Volunteering
    • Getting Around

      Information on how to get to and through the City of Alexandria, including walking, biking, bus, rail, air, ridesharing, and more.

      • Bicycling in Alexandria
      • Bus and Rail
      • King Street Trolley
      • Parking in Alexandria
      • Street Maps
      • Taxis
      • Water Taxis
    • Historic Preservation

      Historic Alexandria is a treasure trove of early structures, artifacts, and records that creates a unique way of life for its citizens and provides enjoyment for thousands of people who visit this special community every year. The City continues to add resources to its collection of local and nationally designated historic districts.

      • Alexandria History
      • Board of Architectural Review
      • Historic Alexandria
      • Historic Districts
    • Licenses & Permits

      Find out whether a permit is required, the type of permit needed, fees involved, and what requirements are necessary for the activity you want to engage in Alexandria.

      • Building & Construction
      • Business Licenses
      • Health Permits
      • Marriage Licenses
      • Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)
    • Parking

      Information about parking in the City of Alexandria, including parking options, enforcement, districts and permits.

      • Contest a Parking Ticket
      • Guest Parking Permits
      • Parking Permits
      • Parking Studies
      • Parking in Old Town
      • Pay a Parking Ticket
    • Public Health & Wellness

      Alexandria is committed to ensuring our residents thrive through physical, mental, and social health.

      • Aging & Adult Services
      • Domestic Violence
      • Environmental Health
      • Environmental Quality
      • Health Department
      • Health Clinics
      • Sexual Assault
      • Substance Abuse Prevention
      • Substance Abuse Services
      • Teen Pregnancy Prevention
      • Teen Wellness Center
    • Public Safety & Courts

      Agencies and programs that help maintain our safety and overall quality of life. These links contain information about the City of Alexandria's law enforcement agencies and public safety organizations, courts and judicial system.

      • Fire Department
      • Police Department
      • Sheriff's Office
      • Circuit Court
      • Clerk of Circuit Court
      • General District Court
      • J&DR Court
      • Court Service Unit
    • Public Works

      Learn more about how the City maintains streets, sidewalks, bridges, and other infrastructure in the City.

      • Bridge Maintenance
      • Paving and Potholes
      • Sewer Maintenance
      • Street Sweeping
    • Real Estate & Taxes

      The City collects car and real estate taxes, maintains tax relief programs and assesses property values. Taxes can be paid in a variety of ways including online, by phone and by mail.

      • Payments
      • Personal Property/Car Tax
      • Real Estate Assessments
      • Real Estate Tax
      • Tax Guide
      • Tax Relief
    • Schools & Libraries

      Did you know that ACPS is one of the most diverse school systems in the country? Our students come from more than 80 different countries, speak more than 60 languages, and represent a myriad of ethnic and cultural groups. The Alexandria Library is an educational, user-oriented service institution providing free public access to recorded knowledge and ideas.

      • Alexandria City Public Schools (ACPS)
      • Alexandria Library
      • Child Care
      • Higher Learning
      • Out of School Time Programs
    • Social Services

      The City provides public assistance as a safety net for individuals and families, including help with homelessness prevention, food, rent, utilities, medical coverage and prescriptions, job training and placement assistance, and much more.

      • Aging & Adult Services
      • Child Care Assistance
      • Homeless Services
      • Housing Resources
      • Mentoring Programs
      • Military & Veteran Services
    • Trash & Recycling

      Find information on the City's refuse, recycling and yard waste collection programs.

      • Recycling
      • Refuse Collection
      • Yard Waste
    • Utilities

      The City of Alexandria does not operate any public utilities. The following companies are the primary providers of their respective service:

      • Cable TV (Comcast / Xfinity)
      • Drinking Water (Virginia American Water)
      • Electricity (Dominion Energy)
      • Natural Gas (Washington Gas)
      • Sewage/Water Treatment (Alex Renew)
      • Wired Telephone (Verizon)
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  • Play

    Whether you live here or are just visiting, Alexandria is a great place to shop, dine, take in the arts, get outdoors, and just have fun.

    • About Alexandria

      If you are looking for small-town charm and big-city amenities, Alexandria is the place to find them. Alexandria has a fascinating history, and many of its historic buildings are still preserved today. The City's many historic homes, churches, businesses, and museums allow residents and visitors alike to experience the past that makes it the charming town it is today.

      • Alexandria's History
      • Demographics & Statistics
      • Maps & GIS
      • Visit Alexandria
    • Arts & Culture

      Through engaging the community, encouraging participation, and facilitating access to arts and culture, the City builds a vibrant community for its residents, workers, and visitors.

      • City Concerts
      • City Events
      • Historic Property Rentals
      • Museums & Historic Sites
      • Office of Historic Alexandria
      • Office of the Arts
    • Entertainment

      Find events and activities, shops and restaurants, concerts and performances, arts and culture, historic attractions, parks and libraries, farmers' markets, and more.

      • City Concerts
      • City Events
      • Office of the Arts
      • Visit Alexandria: Things to Do
    • Getting Around

      Information on how to get to and through the City of Alexandria, including walking, biking, bus, rail, air, ridesharing, and more.

      • Bicycling in Alexandria
      • Bus & Rail
      • King Street Trolley
      • Parking in Alexandria
      • Street Maps
      • Taxis
      • Water Taxis
    • Museums & Historic Sites

      Alexandria is a desirable location to live, work and play. The City owns many of the premier historic sites in Alexandria and it is charged with the conservation, interpretation and promotion of these links to the past.

      • City Museums
      • Historic Sites & Attractions
      • Office of Historic Alexandria
    • Parks & Recreation

      Alexandria is an active community that offers more than 900 acres of parks and dedicated public space, and a wide variety of neighborhood and recreation centers, pools, dog parks, farmers' markets, waterfront activities and more.

      • Classes & Camps
      • Dog Parks
      • Facility & Park Rentals
      • Farmers' Markets
      • Marina & Waterfront Parks
      • ParkLink Interactive Map
      • Parks & Trails
      • Pools & Aquatics
      • Recreation Centers
      • Sports Leagues & Programs
    • Visit Alexandria

      Information about visiting Alexandria, including shopping, dining, attractions, accommodations, events listings and more. Plan your visit with an itinerary builder, interactive maps, hotel booking, online restaurant reservations and much more.

      • Group Tours
      • Meet in Alexandria
      • Plan Your Visit
      • Trip Planning Assistance
      • Visitor Center
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  • Services

    We are here to serve you. Browse the topics to the right to learn more about the programs and services we offer.

    • Alex311

      Connect with professional and knowledgeable staff for City service and information requests from every City department.

      • Missed Collection
      • Parking
      • Potholes
      • Street Cleaning
      • Trash & Recycling Containers
      • Trees
      • Yard Waste / Bulky Items Pickup
    • Animals

      What you need to know about animals, pets and wildlife in Alexandria.

      • Animal Adoption
      • Animal Control
      • Dog Parks
    • Buildings & Construction

      The City provides services to residents, businesses, contractors, and visitors needing permits for constructions and other developments.

      • Building Codes
      • City Code
      • Code Administration
      • Green Building
      • Land Use & Zoning
      • Permit Center
      • Permits & Land Use Applications
    • Environment

      "Green" initiatives, air quality, noise, water conservation, mosquito and rodent control.

      • Air Quality
      • Clean Waterways
      • Climate Change
      • Eco-City Alexandria
      • Green Building
      • Mosquito Control
      • Noise Control
      • Rodent Control
      • Stormwater Management
    • Jobs
      • City Government Jobs
      • Alexandria City Public Schools
      • Job Search Assistance (Workforce Development Center)
      • Collective Bargaining
    • Maps & GIS

      Geographic Information Systems (GIS) centrally manages, shares and analyzes information about locations through specialized mapping technology. This information increases transparency, improves many City technology applications and provides critical data to decision makers and the public.

      • Interactive Maps
      • Open Data
      • Standard Maps
    • Parks & Recreation

      Alexandria is an active community that offers more than 900 acres of parks and dedicated public space, and a wide variety of neighborhood and recreation centers, pools, dog parks, farmers' markets, waterfront activities and more.

      • Classes & Camps
      • Dog Parks
      • Facility & Park Rentals
      • Farmers' Markets
      • Marina & Waterfront
      • Parks & Trails
      • Pools & Aquatics
      • Recreation Centers
      • Sports Leagues & Programs
    • Property & Housing

      The City administers various housing-related programs and services.

      • Housing Master Plan
      • Landlord & Property Manager Resources
      • Maps & GIS
      • Office of Housing
      • Parcel Viewer
      • Real Estate Assessments
    • Public Health & Wellness

      Alexandria is committed to ensuring our residents thrive through physical, mental, and social health.

      • Aging & Adult Services
      • Emergency Mental Health Services
      • Environmental Health
      • Environmental Quality
      • Health Department
      • Health Clinics
      • Sexual and Domestic Violence Services
      • Substance Abuse Services
      • Teen Pregnancy Prevention
      • Teen Wellness Center
    • Public Safety & Courts

      Agencies and programs that help maintain our safety and overall quality of life. These links contain information about the City of Alexandria's law enforcement agencies and public safety organizations, courts and judicial system.

      • Fire Department
      • Police Department
      • Sheriff's Office
      • Circuit Court
      • Clerk of Circuit Court
      • General District Court
      • J&DR Court
      • Court Service Unit
    • Public Works

      Learn more about how the City maintains streets, sidewalks, bridges, and other infrastructure in the City.

      • Bridge Maintenance
      • Paving & Potholes
      • Sewer Maintenance
      • Street Sweeping
    • Real Estate & Taxes

      The City collects car and real estate taxes, maintains tax relief programs and assesses property values. Taxes can be paid in a variety of ways including online, by phone and by mail.

      • Payments
      • Personal Property/Car Tax
      • Real Estate Assessments
      • Real Estate Tax
      • Tax Guide
      • Tax Relief
    • Social Services

      The City provides public assistance as a safety net for individuals and families, including help with homelessness prevention, food, rent, utilities, medical coverage and prescriptions, job training and placement assistance, and much more.

      • Aging & Adult Services
      • Child Care
      • Children & Families
      • Discrimination & Disabilities
      • Gang & Youth Violence Prevention
      • Homeless Services
      • Housing Assistance
      • Human Rights
      • Job Search Assistance (Workforce Development Center)
      • Mentoring Programs
      • Military & Veteran Services
    • Trash & Recycling

      Find information on the City's refuse, recycling and yard waste collection programs.

      • Recycling
      • Refuse Collection
      • Yard Waste
    • Transportation

      Information on how to get to and through the City of Alexandria, including walking, biking, bus, rail, air, ridesharing, and more.

      • Bicycling in Alexandria
      • Bus & Rail
      • King Street Trolley
      • Parking in Alexandria
      • Street Maps
      • Taxis
      • Transportation Planning
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  • Business

    Ideally located just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., Alexandria is nationally recognized as one of the best places to live and do business on the east coast. Learn how we can help you start or relocate your business in Alexandria, and access resources for existing businesses and commuters.

    • Business Resources

      The City provides services and resources to help existing businesses expand within the City and promotes recruiting new businesses in Alexandria.

      • Alexandria Economic Development Partnership (AEDP)
      • Alexandria Small Business Development Center (SBDC)
      • BIPOC Small Business Program
      • Doing Business with the City
      • New Business Guide
      • Public-Private Partnerships
    • Jobs

      Alexandria offers wide range of job opportunities and services. Work for City government or City Public Schools, find out about an internship opportunity or learn about workforce development and career training options.

      • City Government Jobs
      • Job Search Assistance (Workforce Development Center)
      • Collective Bargaining
    • Licenses & Permits

      Find out whether a permit is required, the type of permit needed, fees involved, and what requirements are necessary for the activity you want to engage in Alexandria.

      • APEX Permitting & Land Use System
      • Business Licenses
      • Business Outdoor Program & Permits
      • Health Permits
      • Permit Center
      • Zoning Information
    • Real Estate & Taxes

      The City collects car and real estate taxes, maintains tax relief programs and assesses property values. Taxes can be paid in a variety of ways including online, by phone and by mail.

      • Business License Tax
      • Business Personal Property Tax
      • Lodging Tax
      • Meal Tax
      • Payments
      • Real Estate Assessment Search
      • Real Estate Assessments
      • Sales Tax
    • Transportation

      Information on how to get to and through the City of Alexandria, including walking, biking, bus, rail, air, ridesharing, and more.

      • Getting Around
      • Vehicle Registration
      • GO Alex Commuter Resources
      • Parking in Alexandria
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  • Government

    Learn more about Alexandria's accountable, effective, and well-managed government.

    • City Council

      The Alexandria City Council is composed of a Mayor and six Council members who are elected at-large for three-year terms. The Mayor, who is chosen on a separate ballot, presides over meetings of the Council and serves as the ceremonial head of government.

      • City Council Calendar
      • Communicate with City Council
      • Council Assignments
      • Meeting Dockets & Video
      • Speak at a Meeting
    • Boards & Commissions

      The City of Alexandria has a strong commitment to citizen participation as evidenced by the number of citizen boards and commissions established by City Council. These bodies compose a formal system through which citizens can advise City Council on all major issues affecting the City.

      • Meeting Dockets & Video
      • Apply for a Board or Commission
      • Boards & Commission Calendar
      • Boards & Commission Vacancies
      • Board of Architectural Review
      • Board of Zoning Appeals
      • Planning Commission
      • Park & Recreation Commission
      • Transportation Commission
    • Departments & Agencies

      View a list of City departments, offices and other agencies, and learn about their role in the organization.

      • City Government Departments & Offices
      • Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)
      • Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA)
      • Alexandria City Public Schools (ACPS)
      • Alexandria Economic Development Partnership (AEDP)
      • Alexandria Redevelopment and Housing Authority (ARHA)
      • Alexandria Transit Company (DASH)
      • Animal Welfare League of Alexandria (AWLA)
      • Small Business Development Center (SBDC)
      • Visit Alexandria (Official Tourism Site)
    • Public Safety & Courts

      Information about the City of Alexandria's law enforcement agencies and public safety organizations, courts and judicial system.

      • Police Department
      • Fire Department
      • Sheriff's Office
      • Courts
      • Office of Emergency Management
      • Emergency & Customer Communications
      • Community Policing Review Board
    • Elected Officials

      Alexandria voters elect a Mayor and City Council and three local officers, as well as state and federal representatives.

      • City Council
      • Clerk of Circuit Court
      • Commonwealth's Attorney
      • Sheriff
      • Voting in Alexandria
    • Get Involved

      There are many opportunities to get involved to help better the City of Alexandria. Opportunities include serving on a Board, Commission or Committee, providing input on a new City project or speaking at a City Council meeting.

      • Boards & Commissions
      • City of Alexandria Academy Programs
      • Civic Engagement Policy
      • Speak at a Meeting
      • Volunteering
    • Transparency

      The City government acts with integrity in an open process, and provides timely access to clear, trustworthy information, presented and employed by all parties from the beginning to the end of the process, including the reasoning that leads to and supports the policy conclusion.

      • Operating Budget & Capital Improvement Program
      • Meeting Dockets & Video
      • Performance Analytics
      • Alexandria's Strategic Plan
      • Race & Social Equity
      • Community Policing Review Board
      • Collective Bargaining
      • City Code
      • Open Data
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  • Projects & Plans

    Much of our work involves creating and improving infrastructure and planning for the future. Learn more about major projects and plans here, and how you can get involved!

    • Arts & Culture

      Information about arts, culture and historic projects in the City.

      • Arts & Culture Master Plan
      • Public Art Implementation Plan
    • Development

      Information about commercial and residential development projects in the City.

      • Landmark/Van Dorn Area Planning
      • North Potomac Yard Implementation / Virginia Tech Innovation Campus
      • Potomac River Generating Station Redevelopment
    • Environmental

      Information about environmental and "green" projects in the City.

      • 500 Block N. Pitt St. Sewer Separation Project
      • Flood Action Alexandria
      • Franklin St. Sewer Relocation Project
      • Holmes Run Trail Repairs
      • Lucky Run Stream Restoration
      • Oronoco Outfall Remediation Project
      • Wheeler Ave. Sanitary Sewer Pipe Relining
      • Windmill Hill Park Project - Phase II
    • Neighborhoods

      Information about neighborhood projects in the City.

      • Alexandria West Planning
      • Duke Street and West Taylor Run Project
      • Eisenhower Avenue Metrorail Station Pedestrian Crossing Improvements
      • King-Callahan-Russell Intersection Improvement Project
      • Mount Vernon Avenue North Complete Streets
    • Parks & Recreation

      Information about parks and recreation projects in the City.

      • Beauregard Street Multi-Use Trail Project
      • Bicycle Parking
      • Eugene Simpson Park Renovation Projects
      • Joseph Hensley Park Renovation
      • Old Cameron Run Trail Project
      • Robinson Terminal South Update: Historic Ship Stabilization
    • Public Facilities

      Information about public facilities projects in the City.

      • Alexandria Waterfront
      • King Street-Old Town Metro Access Improvement Project
      • Municipal Broadband
      • Potomac Yard Metrorail Station Project
    • Social Services

      Information about social services projects and plans in the City.

      • Aging and Adult Services
      • Early Care & Education Common Agenda
      • The Partnership to Prevent & End Homelessness
    • Transportation

      Information about transportation projects and plans in and around the City.

      • Adaptive Traffic Signal Control
      • Alexandria Mobility Plan
      • Complete Streets
      • Duke Street in Motion
      • Potomac Yard Metrorail Station Project
      • Smart Mobility
      • Traffic Mitigation
      • Vision Zero
      • West End Transitway
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  • Calendar

    There's always something to do in Alexandria! Browse community events, government meetings and activities, and important deadlines.

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Stormwater Best Management Practices

Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) reduce polluted stormwater runoff into our local waterways.
Page updated on February 5, 2022 at 2:59 PM

Stormwater Management

  • Stormwater Quality
  • Flood Action Alexandria
  • Flooding & Drainage
  • Stormwater Utility Fee
  • Stream Restoration
  • Chesapeake Bay
  • Sanitary Sewers
  • Illicit Discharges

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This page includes information on both structural and non-structural practices that are commonly recommended to mitigate drainage and erosion concerns. These practices can be used by any property owner and support the City’s Eco-City Clean Waterways initiatives. The practices on this list include structural stormwater best management practices (BMPs) approved for use in meeting stormwater regulations (per the Virginia Stormwater BMP Clearinghouse website), as well as smaller-scale homeowner versions of these practices and stormwater-friendly landscaping activities. Structural BMPs on this list are considered green infrastructure BMPs that strive to replicate the natural water cycle and manage stormwater onsite near its source to reduce impact on water quality, flooding, and stream bank erosion.

Choosing a BMP for an Erosion or Drainage Problem

The "Soak It Up! Stormwater Solutions for Homeowners" webinar workshop hosted by the City and the Northern Virginia Regional Commission discusses the impacts of inadequate stormwater management, conventional solutions, and stormwater best management practice alternatives. The webinar describes what each BMP is; the function and application; and the benefits and limitations. The webinar is intended for homeowners who are considering implementing a BMP for an erosion or drainage problem rather than as a condition of development.

  • Part I: Introduction (3 minutes)
  • Part II: Conventional Solutions, Dry Well, Infiltration Trench, Swales (50 minutes)
  • Part III: Conservation Landscaping, Rain Gardens, Permeable Pavers, Rain Barrels (50 minutes)
     

VCAP FUNDING

Property owners are encouraged to install BMPs on their property to address erosion and drainage issues. The City partners with the Northern Virginia Soil and Water Conservation District (NVSWCD) to administer the Virginia Conservation Assistance Program (VCAP) to provide technical assistance and grant funding – pending availability of funds – for applicable projects.

The VCAP Contractor List includes contractors who are familiar with stormwater BMPs and the Virginia Conservation Assistance Program, administered by the Northern Virginia Soil and Water Conservation District. Note that the City does not endorse any specific company. It is always recommended to ask contractors for a statement of their qualifications and follow up on their references, as well as getting at least three bids for any work to be done. 

Stormwater-Friendly BMPs and Landscaping Practices

Rain Barrels

Rain Barrel at Old Town Restaurant photo

A rain barrel is a barrel-shaped container placed under your downspout to collect rainwater. You can then use it for watering plants, washing your car, and reducing your water bill. Rain barrels are a simple, efficient, low-cost method for homeowners to collect and recycle water. A rain barrel is a rainwater harvesting BMP when the water is reused. 

Design & Installation

Guidance for voluntary installation by homeowners:

  • Build Your Own Rain Barrel Workshops, DIY Rain Barrels + More

Standards for rainwater harvesting approved for use in meeting stormwater regulations:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 6
  • Visit the Virginia BMP Clearinghouse website for more information, including the Cistern Design Excel Spreadsheet and Technical Memorandum

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a rain barrel is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The rain barrel is free of any structural damage - Check the outside of the rain barrel for dents, cracking, or other imperfect ions that can lead to leaks. Check on the condition of mosquito net s or screens for tears.
  • The rain barrel is free of leaks - Check for signs of water leaking through the rain barrel. Water mark s or streaks may be evident.
  • The screen is free of leaves and debris - While the screen is effective at keeping mesquites out, the screen may also prevent stormwater from entering the rain barrel if it is clogged.
  • The gutter and downspout are free of debris - The gutter and downspout should be cleared of leaves and debris every spring and fall to keep water flowing to your rain barrel and protect your home from roof leaks and water damage.
  • Stored water is regularly used - Water stored in t he rain barrel should be drained soon after a rain to leave capacity for t he next rain. Before the first winter freeze, disconnect and drain the rain barrel.

Resources

  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome and single-family individual lots with rain barrels and for non-residential and residential condominium properties that use rain barrels as part of rainwater harvesting. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee eligible rainwater harvesting practices

Cisterns

Cistern at City Facility photo

Cisterns are tanks used to catch rainwater running off roofs from a downspout. Cisterns are like large rain barrels. You can then save on your water bill by using the collected water for irrigation or other building uses if certain restrictions are met. A cistern is a rainwater harvesting BMP when the water is reused.

Design & Installation

Guidance for voluntary installation by homeowners:

  • Cisterns may be purchased commercially.
  • VCAP Contractor List includes contractors who are familiar with stormwater BMPs and the Virginia Conservation Assistance Program, administered by the  Northern Virginia Soil and Water Conservation District. Note that the City does not endorse any specific company. It is always recommended to ask contractors for a statement of their qualifications and follow up on their references, as well as getting at least three bids for any work to be done. 

Standards for rainwater harvesting approved for use in meeting stormwater regulations:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 6
  • Visit the Virginia BMP Clearinghouse website for more information, including the Cistern Design Excel Spreadsheet and Technical Memorandum

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a cistern is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The cistern is clear of cracks and other damage - Check the outside of the c istern for dents, cracking, or other imperfections that can lead to water leaks.
  • The cistern is free of leaks - Check for signs of water leaking. Water marks may be evident. Valves, fittings, and ot her hardware should be replaced as needed.
  • The gutter and downspouts are free of leaves or other debris - The gutter and downspout s hould be cleared of leaves and debris every spring and fall to keep water flowing to your cistern and protect your home from roof leaks and water damage.
  • Stored water is regularly used - Water stored in t he cistern should be drained soon after a rain to leave capacity for t he next rain. Before the first winter freeze, disconnect and drain the cistern.

Resources

  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines (Rainwater Harvesting)

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome and single-family individual lots with cisterns and for non-residential and residential condominium properties that use cisterns as part of rainwater harvesting. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee eligible cisterns

Rain Gardens

Rain Garden and Bioretention image

Rain gardens are considered micro-bioretention filters that are appropriate for single-family homes and townhouses. Like larger bioretention filters, rain gardens are bowl-shaped planted areas or swales where runoff can collect and be used by plants and/or soak into the ground. During storms, runoff typically ponds 6 to 12 inches above a surface mulch layer and then rapidly filters through a mixture of sand, soil, and organic material.

Often the ground below the rain garden is excavated and filled in with more permeable soil. Plants are selected to tolerate both flooding and drought. The photos below show a rain garden and a bioretention area that have been recently planted. As plants mature the gardens will look fuller.

In some rain gardens and in larger bioretention filters, an underdrain returns filtered stormwater to the storm drain system where infiltration rates are too low. Mosquito prevention is achieved when designed correctly so that the ponded water drains within 24-48 hours, which is shorter than needed for mosquito reproduction.

Design & Installation

Guidance for voluntary installation by homeowners:

  • Homeowner Guide For a More Bay-Friendly Property

Standards for bioretention approved for use in meeting stormwater regulations:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 9 
  • Bioretention Photo Tutorial to Accompany Bioretention Design Specification

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a rain garden is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • Side slopes are free from observable erosion or tracking of sediment into the rain garden - Ensure that areas surrounding the rain garden are covered with plant growth 10 help slow the velocity or runoff and reduce erosion or sediment tracking and clogging In the rain garden.
  • The rain garden Is free of leaves, debris, and sediment - Remove leaves, debris and accumulated sediment from the plant bed and Inlets. These may prevent stormwater from flowing through the mulch and into the planting media.
  • Plants cover the planting bed consistently and uniformly (about 7S%-90% cover) - A consistent and uniform planting bed helps 10 dissipate Incoming stormwater, absorb stormwater, and reduce erosion or mulch In the planter box.
  • The rain garden Is free of dead plants - Remove and replant dead plants. Refer to the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora Identify plants native to the region. Prune dead branches from trees and shrubs and deadhead perennials If needed to encourage blooming.
  • The rain garden consists of native plant species and Is free of invasive plants - Native plants are adapted to local soils and climate conditions and help preserve natural ecosystems. Refer to the Digital Atlas or the Virginia Flora Identify plants native to the region.
  • Mulch Is In an un-compacted state and between 2-3" thick - Mulch should be relatively loose and between 2 to 3 Inches thick . This allows stormwater runoff to flow Into the underlying soil media.
  • Water that pools In the rain garden during rain events drains within 48 hours - Water may pond In the rain garden during rain events. This water should drain Into the mulch and soil media within the following 48 hours.

Resources

  • Rain Garden Myths
  • How to do a simple infiltration test
  • Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professionals
  • Finding Native Plants:
    • City of Alexandria Landscape Guidelines plant lists
    • plantNoVAnatives.org
    • Chesapeake Bay Native Plant Center
    • Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora  
    • Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed (USFWS 2003)
  • More design guidance
    • Alliance for Chesapeake Bay,  Design Your Garden Online Tool 
    • Rain Garden Design and Construction: A Northern Virginia Homeowner’s Guide (NVSWCD 2009)
    • Rain Gardens: A how-to manual for homeowners (WI DNR 2003)
    • Rain Gardens Technical Guide (VA Department of Forestry, 2014)
  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome and single-family individual lots with rain gardens and/or bioretention filters and for non-residential and residential condominium properties with bioretention filters. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Rain garden residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee eligible bioretention-practices

Flow Thru Planter Boxes

Flow Thru Planter Box photo

Flow thru planter boxes are considered above-ground rain gardens. Like rain gardens, they are micro-bioretention filters that are appropriate for single-family homes and townhouses. Like larger bioretention filters and rain gardens, flow thru planter boxes provide space where runoff can collect during storms.

Planter boxes receive water from downspouts and allow for water to pond 6 to 12 inches above a surface mulch layer. The water then rapidly filters through a mixture of sand, soil, and organic material. Mosquito prevention is achieved when designed correctly so that the ponded water drains within 24-48 hours, which is shorter than needed for mosquito reproduction. Some runoff is taken up by native plants. Plants are selected to tolerate both flooding and drought. Runoff that filters through the soil media in the planter box is discharged through an underdrain that typically returns filtered stormwater to the storm drain system.

Design & Installation

Standards for bioretention approved for use in meeting stormwater regulations:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 9
  • Bioretention Photo Tutorial to Accompany Bioretention Design Specification

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a stormwater planter box is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The planter box is free of any structural damage - Check the planter box for cracks or buckling , tears in the liner, or signs of water damage.
  • The planter box is free of leaks - Check the planter box walls for signs of water leaking. This can be evidenced by water streaks along the planter box wall.
  • Water that pools in the planter box during rain events drains within 48 hours - Water may pond in the planter box during rain events. Th is water should drain into the mulch and soil media within 48 hours. Ensure there is space from the top of mulch to the planter box edge to allow ponding to occur.
  • Plants cover the planting bed consistently and uniformly (about 75 % -90% cover) - A consistent and uniform planting cover will dissipate incoming runoff, absorb stormwater, and reduce erosion of mulch in the planter box.
  • The planter bed is free of dead plants - Remove and replant dead plants. Refer to the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora identify plants native to the region. Prune dead branches from trees and shrubs and deadhead perennials if needed to encourage blooming.
  • The planting bed consists of native plant species and is free from invasive plants - Native plants are adapted to local soils and climate conditions and help preserve natural ecosystems. Refer to the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora identify plants native to the region.
  • The mulch is in an un-compacted state and is between 2-3" thick - Mulch should be relatively loose and between 2 to 3 inches t hick. This allows stormwater runoff to flow into the underlying soil media.

Resources

  • Finding Native Plants:
    • City of Alexandria Landscape Guidelines plant lists
    • plantNoVAnatives.org
    • Chesapeake Bay Native Plant Center
    • Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora  
    • Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed (USFWS 2003)
  • VCAP Contractor List includes contractors who are familiar with stormwater BMPs and the Virginia Conservation Assistance Program, administered by the  Northern Virginia Soil and Water Conservation District. Note that the City does not endorse any specific company. It is always recommended to ask contractors for a statement of their qualifications and follow up on their references, as well as getting at least three bids for any work to be done. 
  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome and single-family individual lots with flow thru planter boxes and/or bioretention filters and for non-residential and residential condominium properties with bioretention filters, which may also consider planter box configurations. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee eligible bioretention-practices

Dry Wells

Dry Well image

A dry well is considered a micro-scale infiltration practice per the Virginia BMP Clearinghouse. It temporarily stores runoff underground in the spaces between clean, washed, uniformly-sized stones until the water infiltrates into the soil. Dry wells can only be installed where a soil infiltration test is performed and only when the test indicates an acceptable infiltration rate. Overflow may be connected to a downspout with an overflow to a splash block or connection to the storm drain system. The design, pretreatment (for example: leaf gutter screens), and maintenance requirements vary depending on the area scale of the installation.

Design & Installation

Approved standards:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 8

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a dry well or other infiltration practice is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The areas surrounding the dry well or infiltration practice are free from erosion or tracking of sediment into the practice - Areas surrounding the practice should be covered with plant growth. Cover bare areas with straw to help reduce sediment flow into the practice until plants are established.
  • If connected to a rooftop downspout, the gutter and downspout are free of leaves or other debris - The gutter and downspout should be cleared of leaves and debris every spring and fall to keep water flowing to the practice and protec t your home from roof leaks and water damage.
  • Surface of the practice and in lets are free of litter, leaves and sediment buildup - litter, leaves and sediment buildup in the practice can clog the stone and create a barrier for stormwater to flow through.
  • Water that pools in the practice during rain events drains within 48 hours - Water may pond in the practice during rain events. This water should drain within the following 48 hours.

Resources

  • How to do a simple infiltration test
  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines (Infiltration Practice)

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome, single-family, condominium and non-residential properties with an infiltration practice that was installed meeting the BMP Clearinghouse design specifications. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee infiltration practices 

Infiltration Trench

Infiltration Trench image

An infiltration trench is considered a small or conventional-scale infiltration practice per the Virginia BMP Clearinghouse. It is applicable for a variety of applications and for example, offers 1) greater volume of runoff infiltrated and treated on-site compared to a French drain and 2) an opportunity to reduce runoff or ponding in a yard area without losing usable space. Infiltration trenches treat runoff from nearly 100% impervious areas by temporarily storing the water underground in the spaces between clean, washed, uniformly-sized stones and allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. Infiltration trenches can only be installed where soil infiltration tests are performed and only when the tests indicate an acceptable infiltration rate. Multiple pretreatment techniques are required.

Design & Installation

Approved standards:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 8

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a dry well or other infiltration practice is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The areas surrounding the dry well or infiltration practice are free from erosion or tracking of sediment into the practice - Areas surrounding the practice should be covered with plant growth. Cover bare areas with straw to help reduce sediment flow into the practice until plants are established.
  • If connected to a rooftop downspout, the gutter and downspout are free of leaves or other debris - The gutter and downspout should be cleared of leaves and debris every spring and fall to keep water flowing to the practice and protec t your home from roof leaks and water damage.
  • Surface of the practice and in lets are free of litter, leaves and sediment buildup - litter, leaves and sediment buildup in the practice can clog the stone and create a barrier for stormwater to flow through.
  • Water that pools in the practice during rain events drains within 48 hours - Water may pond in the practice during rain events. This water should drain within the following 48 hours.

Resources

  • How to do a simple infiltration test
  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines (Infiltration Practice)

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome, single-family, condominium and non-residential properties with an infiltration practice that was installed meeting the BMP Clearinghouse design specifications. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee infiltration practices

Permeable Pavement

Permeable Pavement image

 

Permeable pavement incorporates three elements: 1) a pervious surface option, (i.e., permeable pavers, pervious concrete, porous asphalt, or cellular grid pavers), 2) a stone reservoir, and 3) an underdrain.  

Design & Installation

Approved standards:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 7

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a permeable pavement is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The permeable pavement system contains a permeable surface, gravel reservoir layer and an underdraln - Permeable pavement surfaces are porous concrete, asphalt, or pavers with gravel in the voids. The reservoir layer should consist of washed stone aggregate.
  • The pavement surface edges are free of erosion and sediment accumulation from surrounding areas - Areas surrounding the practice should be covered with plant growth. Cover bare areas with straw to help reduce sediment flow into the practice until plants are established.
  • Permeable pores or voids between pavers are free of litter, debris, and sediment - Periodically sweep the pavement and perform vacuum sweeping at least once a year as sediment and debris can clog the system. Shovel immediately after each snow, rather than using sand, salt or other fine particles.
  • The permeable pavement does not pond or let water run off during a rain event - Permeable pavement should allow water to seep through the surface and into the reservoir layer beneath. Fill a 5 gallon bucket full of water, then pour it entirely on one spot of the permeable pavement. The water should seep into the permeable pavement, rather than pond on top of the surface or run off.
  • The permeable pavement surface is free of cracks, heaving, or other structural damage - Check the pavement surface for cracks in the asphalt, concrete or pavers. Pavers may also heave, at which point they should be removed and reset.

Resources

  • How to do a simple infiltration test
  • BMP Schedule & Maintenance Guidelines
  • ASTMc1701 Permeable Pavement Test & simple “ bucket test”

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome and single-family individual lots with permeable pavement systems that have a clean, washed gravel reservoir, as well as for non-residential and residential condominium properties with permeable pavement systems meeting state standards. Note that the Environmental Management Ordinance requires the installation of permeable surfaced driveways in some instances, which do not have a gravel reservoir and are therefore not eligible for stormwater utility fee credits. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee eligible pavements

Green Roofs

 

Green Roof photo

Vegetated green roofs typically consist of water proofing, drainage materials, an engineered growth media (soil) that is designed to support plant growth, and plants.

Design & Installation

Standards approved for use in meeting stormwater regulations:

  • VA State Standards and Specifications No. 5

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a vegetated green roof is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The waterproof membrane is free from leaks or cracks - Contact your green roof installer as soon as you see any signs of leaking or structural damage. Avoid using herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides as these can accelerate degradation of the waterproof membrane.
  • The planting bed is free of dead plants - Remove and replant dead plants.
  • The planting bed has adequate plant cover and is free from invasive plants - Plant cover shall be comprised of plant species according to the approved design; however, invasive plants should be replaced.
  • The green roof is free from litter and debris - litter and debris buildup on the green roof can clog soil media and create a barrier for stormwater to absorb into the green roof. Clear inlets, outlets, gutters and downspouts.
  • Manufacturer's recommendations for maintenance have been followed - Refer to the applicable manufacturer's documentation.

Resources

  • Green Roof Plants
  • BMP Maintenance & Schedule Guidelines

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential townhome and single-family individual lots with green roofs, as well as for non-residential and residential condominium properties. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits
  • Certification form for all other Stormwater Utility Fee eligible green roofs

Urban Nutrient Management Plans

Urban Nutrient Management Plans provide a blueprint for proper use of fertilizers, ensuring that excess fertilizers and nutrients – which can harm water quality – are not readily available for transport to the City’s waterways via stormwater runoff.  An urban nutrient management plan is a plan to manage the amount, placement, timing and application of fertilizer, compost, or other materials containing plant nutrients to reduce nutrient loss to the environment and to produce quality turf and landscape plants. Urban Nutrient Management plans must be prepared by a prepared by a Nutrient Management Planner Certified in Turf and Landscape by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR).  

Resources

  • List of Certified Turf & Landscape Nutrient Management Planners familiar with the City's Stormwater Credit Policies.
  • Virginia DCR’s Urban Nutrient Management website 

Credits for Urban Nutrient Management Plans

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for residential condominium properties. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

Nutrient Management for All Properties

Properties who are not eligible for credit can still benefit by testing their soil before applying fertilizer. To find out more, visit:

  • Soil sampling for the home gardener
  • Virginia Tech Soil Test Lab Fees and Forms

Conservation Landscaping

Conservation Landscaping image

Conservation landscaping can be used to reduce polluted runoff by replacing areas of lawn or bare soil in your yard with native plants. Native plants are best suited to minimize runoff and require less nutrient addition or cultivation, reducing nutrient pollution. Conservation landscaping could also include establishing meadow or forested buffers or vegetated filter strips that intercept runoff and protect waterways.

Design & Installation

  • The Eight Essential Elements of Conservation Landscaping - Chesapeake Conservation Landscaping Council
  • Design Your Garden Online Tool - Alliance for Chesapeake Bay

Conservation landscaping can be designed to promote co-benefits like providing wildlife habitat and promoting pollinator health.

  • Audubon at Home Wildlife Sanctuaries
  • 7 Things You Can Do for Pollinators

Inspection & Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance should be performed at least annually. Determination of whether a conservation landscaping practice is properly functioning would include certification of the following:

  • The conservation landscape Is free of dead plants - Remove and replant dead plants. Refer to the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora identify plants native to the region. Prune dead branches from trees and shrubs and deadhead perennials If needed to encourage blooming.
  • The conservation landscape consists of native plant species and is free of invasive plants - Native plants are adapted to local soils and climate conditions and help preserve natural ecosystems. Refer to the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora Identify plants native to the region.
  • The plant bed is free of litter, leaves or other debris buildup - Litter, leaves and debris In the conservation landscape can Impede or otherwise harm plant growth In the conservation landscape.

Resources

  • Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professionals
  • Finding Native Plants:
    • City of Alexandria Landscape Guidelines plant lists
    • plantNoVAnatives.org
    • Chesapeake Bay Native Plant Center
    • Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora  
    • Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed (USFWS 2003)
  • Green Landscaping For You and the Chesapeake Bay May 2011 presentation slides This resource includes the presentation slides from one of a series of Green Building Workshops offered by the City in 2011. It provides great photos of conservation landscaping and rain gardens for single-family and townhouse owners who may be interested in these practices, as well as photos of native vs non-native plants.

Credits for Annual Maintenance

Stormwater Utility Fee credits are available for conservation landscaping practices on residential townhouse and single-family individual lots. Refer to the credit manual for more information.

  • Residential self-certification form for SWU Flat Credits

New Native Tree Planting

Tree planting mitigates the stormwater quality impact of impervious and turf land covers in urban areas. Native trees support native pollinators and wildlife, in particular by providing habitat for caterpillars and food for baby birds. Some native trees are better at this than others, especially native oaks and native cherry trees. Plus, shade trees help contribute to meeting the City's canopy coverage goals.

Resources

  • City of Alexandria Landscape Guidelines plant lists
  • Top 20 native trees for biodiversity in the mid-Atlantic region -  Doug Tallamy
  • how effective are 'nativars' with Doug Tallamy
  • VA Department of Forestry Tree Planting and Care Information
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