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Moss H. Kendrix: Aspirational Advertising and the American Dream

This exhibition, at the Alexandria Black History Museum through December 2027, delves into the groundbreaking contributions of Moss H. Kendrix (1917-1989), a pioneering figure in public relations and advertising. Known as the “Father of Black Public Relations,” Kendrix’s innovative campaigns redefined African American representation in media during the Jim Crow era, making significant strides for more inclusive and authentic portrayals.
Page updated on October 27, 2026 at 10:06 AM

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Aspirational Advertising and the American Dream

Kendrix targeted his marketing strategy to African American consumers with positive and aspirational advertising campaigns. Originally featuring African American celebrities, later campaigns depicted middle class Black people in scenes from everyday life.

Placed in African American newspapers, magazines, and other publications, the advertisements appealed directly to readers in new and empowering ways. They helped change the way African American individuals and families were shown in the media by reflecting their reality, as opposed to racist stereotypes or erasure.

In the segregated society of the 1950s and 1960s, publications and their ads targeted either African American or white readers. Kendrix’s work paved the way for the diversity of actors and models featured in today’s print ads, billboards, and television and radio commercials for all consumers.

Pearl Bailey and Harry Belafonte sharing a Coke.
Coca-Cola Promotional Photograph, 1954 
Entertainers Pearl Bailey and Harry Belafonte pose sharing a Coke during a break on set while filming the musical “Carmen Jones.”

Mid-Century Modern Success

1950s success was living the “American Dream" of a happy family, a stable well-paying job, a car, homeownership, and time for leisure. Advertisers used this aspirational imagery. Coca-Cola ad campaigns showed African American families having barbecues, enjoying their new sportscars, and teenagers studying or going to prom.

Carnation Milk’s advertising appealed to wives, focusing on homemaking, childcare, and cooking. As an infant formula, its Evaporated Milk was claimed to be “nourishing and digestible,” “the safest form of cow’s milk.” It was also promoted as a key ingredient in creating delicious meals and desserts for the family, while making superior coffee creamer.

Coca-Cola advertisement showing a Black family grilling hotdogs and buns on a tabletop grill.
Coca-Cola advertisement, 1956
The wording for Advertisement No. 6-44-N reads:
Family Favorite ... for Patio Parties!
When family fun moves out of doors, one thing you'll always find in good supply: bright and bracing Coca-Cola - the perfect refreshment. For patio parties, backyard barbecues - outings of all sorts - make certain you keep plenty of Coke near at hand. (The most convenient place is the coldest part of your refrigerator.) Stock up ... today ;;; on Coca-Cola.
Bottled under authority of the Coca-Cola Company by Springfield Coca-Cola Bottling Company.

 

A Black mother feeds her baby, who is sitting in a high chair and eagerly eating food from a spoon.
Carnation Evaporated Milk Promotional Photo, 1962
Accompanying text sent with this photo to African American newspapers claimed the milk would “delight your baby at mealtime.” 

1: The Moss H. Kendrix Collection

2: The Black Image

3: Trailblazer and Visionary

4: A Radio and Newspaper Man

5: Strength in Numbers

6: Aspirational Advertising and the American Dream

7: Coke, Coolers, Conventions, and Coffee

8: He Was Everywhere…

9: Contemporary Kendrix

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